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Starry toadfish (Arothron firmamentum) — Tetraodontidae

Starry toadfish

Arothron firmamentum

The Starry toadfish (Arothron firmamentum) is a saltwater fish of the family Tetraodontidae that grows up to 35 cm.

Length
35 cm
Water
Saltwater
Depth
10.0–360.0 m
Body shape
Flat / disc-shaped
Substrate
Sand / mud bottom
Danger
Venomous / poisonous
Range
Asia: Argentina, Australia, China, Taiwan/Ch Taipei, Japan, Korea (South) and others
Edibility
Not eaten

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Description

The starry toadfish is a pufferfish (Tetraodontidae) from coastal and slope waters of the Indo-West Pacific. The species grows to about 35 cm and has a stocky, dark body densely covered with small white spots, like a starry sky. When threatened it gulps water and inflates. As a bottom-oriented predator it crushes molluscs and crustaceans with strong jaws. Its skin and organs can contain the potent toxin tetrodotoxin; eating it is dangerous.

Frequently asked questions

How do you recognise the Starry toadfish?

The Starry toadfish has a flattened, disc-shaped body, is mainly black and shows a spots pattern. Bears venomous spines or tissue; handle with great care.

Where does the Starry toadfish live?

The Starry toadfish lives in the sea (marine waters) and is mostly found around sand or mud bottom. Asia: Argentina, Australia, China, Taiwan/Ch Taipei, Japan, Korea (South) and others

How big does the Starry toadfish get?

The Starry toadfish grows to a maximum of about 35 cm.

Is the Starry toadfish dangerous to humans?

The Starry toadfish is venomous — handle spines with care and seek medical help after a sting if needed. Do not eat: skin, viscera and gonads contain tetrodotoxin, a potent nerve poison with no antidote. If ingested with symptoms (tingling, muscle weakness, breathing difficulty): call emergency services immediately and support breathing.

Is the Starry toadfish edible?

The Starry toadfish is not usually eaten.

More photos

Starry toadfish (Arothron firmamentum) — Tetraodontidae — 2
iNaturalist ((c) Tom McMahon, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC))
Starry toadfish (Arothron firmamentum) — Tetraodontidae — 3
iNaturalist ((c) Tarsus, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC))
Starry toadfish (Arothron firmamentum) — Tetraodontidae — 4
P.C. Heemstra (CC BY 4.0) via GBIF — SAIAB
Starry toadfish (Arothron firmamentum) — Tetraodontidae — 5
iNaturalist ((c) Clinton Duffy, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC))
Fin

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All data

Identification

English name
Starry toadfish sourced
Scientific name
Arothron firmamentum
Family
Tetraodontidae
Other names
Starry toado verified

Appearance

Size class
Medium verified
Max length (cm)
35.0 verified
Body shape
Flat / disc-shaped sourced
Dominant colour
Black sourced
Pattern
Spots sourced
Tail shape
Rounded inferred

Habitat & distribution

Water type
Saltwater sourced
Substrate
Sand / mud bottom sourced
Min depth (m)
10.0 verified
Max depth (m)
360.0 verified
Natural range
Asia: Argentina, Australia, China, Taiwan/Ch Taipei, Japan, Korea (South) and others sourced
Origin
Native inferred

Behaviour & biology

Territorial
No inferred
Reproduction
Separate sexes inferred
Sexual dimorphism
No inferred
Seasonality
Present year-round in its habitat; no pronounced seasonality known. inferred
Special features
Bears venomous spines or tissue; handle with great care. inferred

For anglers

Edibility
Not eaten sourced
Fishing method
Bottom fishing with natural bait (worm, shrimp or fish) on or just above the seabed. inferred
Regulations source
FishBase ↗ inferred

Safety

Danger to humans
Venomous / poisonous verified
First aid
Do not eat: skin, viscera and gonads contain tetrodotoxin, a potent nerve poison with no antidote. If ingested with symptoms (tingling, muscle weakness, breathing difficulty): call emergency services immediately and support breathing. sourced

Status & sources

Sources
FishBase via GBIF (DwC-A), CC-BY-NC 4.0

Same genus Arothron

More from the family Tetraodontidae

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