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Common bull ray (Myliobatis aquila) — Myliobatidae

Common bull ray

Myliobatis aquila
Family: Myliobatidae
CR · Critically Endangered

The Common bull ray (Myliobatis aquila) is a brackish-water fish of the family Myliobatidae that grows up to 183 cm.

Length
183 cm
Water
Brackish
Depth
1.0–300.0 m
Diet
Carnivore
Behaviour
Small groups
Body shape
Irregular
Substrate
Mixed bottom
Danger
Venomous / poisonous
Range
Eastern Atlantic from Ireland and the British Isles to South Africa; the entire Mediterranean Sea and western Indian Ocean.
Edibility
Rarely eaten

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Description

The common eagle ray is a large ray of the family Myliobatidae with a wingspan up to about 183 cm. The species has a short, rounded snout and large, wing-like pectoral fins with which it 'flies' gracefully through the water; the upper side is brown to blackish, the underside white. A true caudal fin is absent, but a venomous spine sits at the tail base. The eagle ray lives in shallow bays, lagoons and estuaries of the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean to about 300 m and often forages in groups on the bottom, crushing shellfish and crustaceans with its flat plate-like teeth. Heavy fishing pressure has left it assessed as Critically Endangered.

Frequently asked questions

How do you recognise the Common bull ray?

The Common bull ray has an irregular in shape body, is mainly brown and shows a plain pattern. Eagle ray with a short, rounded snout and large, wing-shaped pectoral fins; carries a venomous spine at the base of the tail but lacks a caudal fin.

Where does the Common bull ray live?

The Common bull ray lives in brackish water and is mostly found around mixed bottom. Eastern Atlantic from Ireland and the British Isles to South Africa; the entire Mediterranean Sea and western Indian Ocean.

How big does the Common bull ray get?

The Common bull ray grows to a maximum of about 183 cm.

Is the Common bull ray dangerous to humans?

The Common bull ray is venomous — handle spines with care and seek medical help after a sting if needed. Not aggressive, but a venomous spine at the tail base can give a painful, venomous wound if the ray is grabbed or stepped on. Immerse the wound in hot water (~45 °C) for 30-90 minutes and seek medical help.

Is the Common bull ray edible?

The Common bull ray is rarely eaten.

More photos

Common bull ray (Myliobatis aquila) — Myliobatidae — 2
iNaturalist ((c) Michael Bommerer, some rights reserved (CC BY))
Common bull ray (Myliobatis aquila) — Myliobatidae — 3
iNaturalist ((c) Callum Evans, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC))
Common bull ray (Myliobatis aquila) — Myliobatidae — 4
Wikimedia Commons — Stan Vonog from San Francisco, USA (CC BY 2.0)
Common bull ray (Myliobatis aquila) — Myliobatidae — 5
Wikimedia Commons — Stan Vonog from San Francisco, USA (CC BY 2.0)

Easily confused with

These species look like the Common bull ray and live in the same waters.

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All data

Identification

English name
Common bull ray verified
Scientific name
Myliobatis aquila
Family
Myliobatidae
Other names
Common eagle ray; Coryphaena hippurus Lambouka Common eagle ray; Eagle ray; Eagleray; Mill skate; Sea eagle; Spotted eagle ray; Toadfish; Whip ray; Whipray verified

Appearance

Size class
Extra large verified
Max length (cm)
183.0 verified
Body shape
Irregular sourced
Dominant colour
Brown sourced
Pattern
Plain sourced
Mouth position
Inferior (downward) inferred
Barbels
No verified
Dorsal spines
No verified

Habitat & distribution

Water type
Brackish sourced
Substrate
Mixed bottom sourced
Min depth (m)
1.0 verified
Max depth (m)
300.0 verified
Natural range
Eastern Atlantic from Ireland and the British Isles to South Africa; the entire Mediterranean Sea and western Indian Ocean. verified
Origin
Native verified

Behaviour & biology

Diet
Carnivore verified
Diet (detail)
Worms, crustaceans, molluscs and benthic invertebrates inferred
Social behaviour
Small groups verified
Territorial
No verified
Reproduction
Separate sexes verified
Sexual dimorphism
No verified
Seasonality
Ovoviviparous with 3-7 young per litter after 6-8 months' gestation; often forages in groups on the bottom. sourced
Special features
Eagle ray with a short, rounded snout and large, wing-shaped pectoral fins; carries a venomous spine at the base of the tail but lacks a caudal fin. sourced

For anglers

Edibility
Rarely eaten verified
Fishing method
Bottom fishing with natural bait (worm, shrimp or fish) on or just above the seabed. inferred
Regulations source
FishBase ↗ inferred

Safety

Danger to humans
Venomous / poisonous verified
First aid
Not aggressive, but a venomous spine at the tail base can give a painful, venomous wound if the ray is grabbed or stepped on. Immerse the wound in hot water (~45 °C) for 30-90 minutes and seek medical help. sourced

Status & sources

Sources
FishBase via GBIF (DwC-A), CC-BY-NC 4.0

Same genus Myliobatis

More from the family Myliobatidae

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