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Pignose grunter (Lithognathus lithognathus) — Sparidae

Pignose grunter

Lithognathus lithognathus
Family: Sparidae

The Pignose grunter (Lithognathus lithognathus) is a brackish-water fish of the family Sparidae that grows up to 200 cm.

Length
200 cm
Water
Brackish
Depth
0–150.0 m
Diet
Carnivore
Behaviour
Schooling
Activity
Diurnal
Body shape
Torpedo-shaped
Substrate
Mixed bottom
Danger
Harmless
Range
Southern Africa
Edibility
Commonly eaten

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Description

The white steenbras is a large seabream (Sparidae) from coastal and estuarine water of southern Africa. The species grows to about 2 metres and has an elongate, silver-grey body with an extended, pointed snout and an inferior mouth with which it digs prey from sand and mud bottoms. As a bottom-oriented predator it searches shallow coastal and estuarine water for worms, molluscs, crabs and shrimp. Heavy fishing has strongly reduced its numbers. The fish is harmless to humans.

Frequently asked questions

How do you recognise the Pignose grunter?

The Pignose grunter has a torpedo-shaped body, is mainly silver-grey and shows a plain pattern. Elongated pointed snout; sediment-digging sea bream

Where does the Pignose grunter live?

The Pignose grunter lives in brackish water and is mostly found around mixed bottom. Southern Africa

How big does the Pignose grunter get?

The Pignose grunter grows to a maximum of about 200 cm. On average the species is around 65 cm.

Is the Pignose grunter dangerous to humans?

No, the Pignose grunter is harmless to humans. This species is harmless to humans. No specific first aid is needed. Still handle the fish with care: mind the fin rays and the sharp edges of the gill cover, and rinse any scratch with clean water and cover it. For a dirty or deep wound check tetanus status.

Is the Pignose grunter edible?

Yes, the Pignose grunter is commonly eaten.

More photos

Pignose grunter (Lithognathus lithognathus) — Sparidae — 2
iNaturalist ((c) Dave Richardson, some rights reserved (CC BY))
Pignose grunter (Lithognathus lithognathus) — Sparidae — 3
Wikimedia Commons — (c) Dave Richardson, some rights reserved (CC BY) (CC BY 4.0)
Pignose grunter (Lithognathus lithognathus) — Sparidae — 4
Wikimedia Commons — Rijksmuseum (CC0)
Pignose grunter (Lithognathus lithognathus) — Sparidae — 5
Wikimedia Commons — no rights reserved (CC0)
Fin

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All data

Identification

English name
Pignose grunter verified
Scientific name
Lithognathus lithognathus
Family
Sparidae
Other names
White steenbras; Whitefish verified

Appearance

Size class
Extra large verified
Max length (cm)
200.0 verified
Average length (cm)
65.0 verified
Body shape
Torpedo-shaped sourced
Dominant colour
Silver / grey sourced
Pattern
Plain sourced
Tail shape
Forked inferred
Mouth position
Inferior (downward) sourced
Lips
Thick / fleshy sourced
Barbels
No sourced
Dorsal fins
One continuous sourced
Dorsal spines
No sourced

Habitat & distribution

Water type
Brackish sourced
Substrate
Mixed bottom sourced
Max depth (m)
150.0 verified
Natural range
Southern Africa verified
Origin
Native verified

Behaviour & biology

Diet
Carnivore sourced
Diet (detail)
Worms, molluscs, crabs and shrimps inferred
Social behaviour
Schooling sourced
Territorial
No sourced
Activity
Diurnal sourced
Reproduction
Separate sexes sourced
Sexual dimorphism
No sourced
Seasonality
Sediment-digging coastal sea bream; moves into estuaries to spawn. sourced
Special features
Elongated pointed snout; sediment-digging sea bream sourced

For anglers

Edibility
Commonly eaten sourced
Fishing method
Angling sourced
Regulations source
FishBase ↗ inferred

Safety

Danger to humans
Harmless sourced
First aid
This species is harmless to humans. No specific first aid is needed. Still handle the fish with care: mind the fin rays and the sharp edges of the gill cover, and rinse any scratch with clean water and cover it. For a dirty or deep wound check tetanus status. verified

Status & sources

Sources
FishBase via GBIF (DwC-A), CC-BY-NC 4.0

Same genus Lithognathus

More from the family Sparidae

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