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Cassava croaker (Pseudotolithus senegalensis) — Sciaenidae

Cassava croaker

Pseudotolithus senegalensis
Family: Sciaenidae
EN · Endangered

The Cassava croaker (Pseudotolithus senegalensis) is a saltwater fish of the family Sciaenidae that grows up to 114 cm.

Length
114 cm
Water
Saltwater
Depth
0.0–70.0 m
Diet
Carnivore
Behaviour
Schooling
Activity
Nocturnal
Body shape
Torpedo-shaped
Substrate
Sand / mud bottom
Danger
Harmless
Range
Eastern Atlantic along the coast of West Africa, over sandy and silty bottoms of coastal water and estuaries.
Edibility
Highly prized

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Description

The cassava croaker is a large croaker of the family Sciaenidae (drums) reaching about 1.1 metres. The elongate, silvery body has a yellowish tinge and a terminal mouth with strong throat teeth. Like other drums it can make a loud drumming sound with muscles against its swim bladder. The species forms schools over sand and mud bottoms of coastal water and estuaries along the West African coast. As a predator it hunts fish, shrimps, crabs and other crustaceans. It is one of the most important commercial fish of the region but, through heavy overfishing, has declined sharply; the IUCN assesses it as Endangered (EN).

Frequently asked questions

How do you recognise the Cassava croaker?

The Cassava croaker has a torpedo-shaped body, is mainly silver-grey and shows a plain pattern. Large, silvery croaker with a yellowish tinge and powerful pharyngeal teeth; produces a loud drumming sound with its swim bladder.

Where does the Cassava croaker live?

The Cassava croaker lives in the sea (marine waters) and is mostly found around sand or mud bottom. Eastern Atlantic along the coast of West Africa, over sandy and silty bottoms of coastal water and estuaries.

How big does the Cassava croaker get?

The Cassava croaker grows to a maximum of about 114 cm. On average the species is around 50 cm.

Is the Cassava croaker dangerous to humans?

No, the Cassava croaker is harmless to humans. None required: this species is harmless to humans.

Is the Cassava croaker edible?

Yes, the Cassava croaker is a highly prized food fish.

More photos

Cassava croaker (Pseudotolithus senegalensis) — Sciaenidae — 2
Naturalis Biodiversity Center (CC0 1.0) via GBIF
Cassava croaker (Pseudotolithus senegalensis) — Sciaenidae — 3
iNaturalist ((c) Karim Haddad, some rights reserved (CC BY))
Cassava croaker (Pseudotolithus senegalensis) — Sciaenidae — 4
Wikimedia Commons — (c) Karim Haddad, some rights reserved (CC BY) (CC BY 4.0)
Cassava croaker (Pseudotolithus senegalensis) — Sciaenidae — 5
iNaturalist ((c) Bart Wursten, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC))
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All data

Identification

English name
Cassava croaker verified
Scientific name
Pseudotolithus senegalensis
Family
Sciaenidae
Other names
Capitan; Captainfish; Cassava croaker; Cassava-fish; Croaker; Bar; Ladyfish verified

Appearance

Size class
Extra large verified
Max length (cm)
114.0 verified
Average length (cm)
50.0 verified
Body shape
Torpedo-shaped sourced
Dominant colour
Silver / grey sourced
Pattern
Plain sourced
Tail shape
Straight inferred
Mouth position
Terminal inferred
Lips
Thick / fleshy inferred
Barbels
No verified
Dorsal fins
Two separate sourced
Dorsal spines
Yes verified

Habitat & distribution

Water type
Saltwater verified
Substrate
Sand / mud bottom verified
Min depth (m)
0.0 verified
Max depth (m)
70.0 verified
Natural range
Eastern Atlantic along the coast of West Africa, over sandy and silty bottoms of coastal water and estuaries. verified
Origin
Native verified

Behaviour & biology

Diet
Carnivore verified
Diet (detail)
Fishes, shrimps, crabs and other crustaceans sourced
Social behaviour
Schooling verified
Territorial
No verified
Activity
Nocturnal inferred
Reproduction
Separate sexes verified
Sexual dimorphism
No verified
Seasonality
Forms shoals over soft bottoms; eggs and larvae drift in open water. sourced
Special features
Large, silvery croaker with a yellowish tinge and powerful pharyngeal teeth; produces a loud drumming sound with its swim bladder. sourced

For anglers

Edibility
Highly prized verified
Fishing method
Bottom fishing or casting with a baitfish or shrimp over sandy bottoms and near estuaries; a prized sport fish sourced
Regulations source
FishBase ↗ inferred

Safety

Danger to humans
Harmless verified
First aid
None required: this species is harmless to humans. sourced

Status & sources

Sources
FishBase via GBIF (DwC-A), CC-BY-NC 4.0

Same genus Pseudotolithus

More from the family Sciaenidae

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