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Ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua) — Percidae

Ruffe

Gymnocephalus cernua
Family: Percidae
LC · Least Concern

The Ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua) is a brackish-water fish of the family Percidae that grows up to 25 cm.

Length
25 cm
Water
Brackish
Depth
2.0–85.0 m
Diet
Carnivore
Behaviour
Schooling
Activity
Nocturnal
Body shape
Torpedo-shaped
Substrate
Mixed bottom
Danger
Harmless
Edibility
Not eaten

Description

The ruffe is a small perch relative of the family Percidae reaching about 25 cm but usually smaller. The stout, yellow-brown body bears dark spots and very slimy skin; unlike the perch, the spiny and soft dorsal fins are joined into one continuous fin. Sharp spines stand on the gill cover and head. The species lives in schools on the bottom of rivers, canals and lakes of Europe and northern Asia, including slightly brackish water, and tolerates turbid, nutrient-rich water well. Mainly at night it hunts midge larvae, worms, crustaceans and fish eggs. In introduced areas such as the North American Great Lakes it is considered invasive.

Frequently asked questions

How do you recognise the Ruffe?

The Ruffe has a torpedo-shaped body, is mainly brown and shows a spots pattern.

Where does the Ruffe live?

The Ruffe lives in brackish water and is mostly found around mixed bottom.

How big does the Ruffe get?

The Ruffe grows to a maximum of about 25 cm. On average the species is around 12 cm.

Is the Ruffe dangerous to humans?

No, the Ruffe is harmless to humans.

Is the Ruffe edible?

The Ruffe is not usually eaten.

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All data

Identification

Dutch name
Pos sourced
English name
Ruffe verified
Scientific name
Gymnocephalus cernua
Family
Percidae
Other names
Pope; Ruff; Ruffe verified

Appearance

Size class
Medium verified
Max length (cm)
25.0 verified
Average length (cm)
12.0 verified
Body shape
Torpedo-shaped sourced
Dominant colour
Brown sourced
Pattern
Spots sourced
Tail shape
Forked inferred
Mouth position
Inferior (downward) inferred
Lips
Thin inferred
Barbels
No verified
Dorsal fins
One continuous sourced
Dorsal spines
Yes verified

Habitat & distribution

Water type
Brackish sourced
Substrate
Mixed bottom sourced
Min depth (m)
2.0 verified
Max depth (m)
85.0 verified
Origin
Native verified

Behaviour & biology

Diet
Carnivore verified
Social behaviour
Schooling verified
Territorial
No verified
Activity
Nocturnal inferred
Reproduction
Separate sexes verified
Sexual dimorphism
No verified
levensduur_max_jaar
10.0 verified

For anglers

Edibility
Not eaten verified
Fishing method
Bodemvissen met natuurlijk aas (worm, garnaal of vis) op of vlak boven de bodem. inferred
Regulations source
FishBase ↗ inferred

Safety

Danger to humans
Harmless verified

Status & sources

Sources
FishBase via GBIF (DwC-A), CC-BY-NC 4.0

Same genus Gymnocephalus

More from the family Percidae

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