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Smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena) — Sphyrnidae

Smooth hammerhead

Sphyrna zygaena
Family: Sphyrnidae
VU · Vulnerable

The Smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena) is a brackish-water fish of the family Sphyrnidae that grows up to 500 cm.

Length
500 cm
Water
Brackish
Depth
0.0–200.0 m
Diet
Carnivore
Behaviour
Schooling
Activity
Diurnal
Body shape
Elongated (eel-like)
Substrate
Open water
Danger
Can cause injury
Edibility
Rarely eaten

Description

The smooth hammerhead is a large shark of the family Sphyrnidae that can reach about 5 metres. It is characterised by the broad, hammer-shaped head (cephalofoil) with the eyes at the tips; unlike related hammerheads, the front margin is smooth and unbroken, without a central notch. The back is grey-brown, the belly white. The species occurs worldwide in temperate and tropical coastal and ocean waters, including the eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, and young animals form large schools. It hunts fish, rays, squid and crustaceans; the broad head aids manoeuvring and detecting prey. Due to heavy fishing, especially for the fin trade, the species is assessed as Vulnerable (VU).

Frequently asked questions

How do you recognise the Smooth hammerhead?

The Smooth hammerhead has an elongate, eel-like body, is mainly brown and shows a plain pattern.

Where does the Smooth hammerhead live?

The Smooth hammerhead lives in brackish water and is mostly found around open water.

How big does the Smooth hammerhead get?

The Smooth hammerhead grows to a maximum of about 500 cm. On average the species is around 335 cm.

Is the Smooth hammerhead dangerous to humans?

The Smooth hammerhead can cause injury; handle it with care.

Is the Smooth hammerhead edible?

The Smooth hammerhead is rarely eaten.

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All data

Identification

Dutch name
Gladde hamerhaai sourced
English name
Smooth hammerhead verified
Scientific name
Sphyrna zygaena
Family
Sphyrnidae
Other names
Common hammerhead; Common hammerhead shark; Common smooth hammerhead shark verified

Appearance

Size class
Extra large verified
Max length (cm)
500.0 verified
Average length (cm)
335.0 verified
Body shape
Elongated (eel-like) sourced
Dominant colour
Brown sourced
Pattern
Plain sourced
Tail shape
Crescent (lunate) inferred
Mouth position
Inferior (downward) inferred
Lips
Thin inferred
Barbels
No verified
Dorsal fins
Two separate sourced
Dorsal spines
No verified

Habitat & distribution

Water type
Brackish sourced
Substrate
Open water sourced
Min depth (m)
0.0 verified
Max depth (m)
200.0 verified
Origin
Native verified

Behaviour & biology

Diet
Carnivore verified
Social behaviour
Schooling verified
Territorial
No verified
Activity
Diurnal inferred
Reproduction
Separate sexes verified
Sexual dimorphism
No verified
levensduur_max_jaar
21.0 verified

For anglers

Edibility
Rarely eaten verified
Fishing method
Sportvissen met kunstaas of (dood/levend) aasvis door te trollen, te werpen of drijvend te vissen in open water. inferred
Regulations source
FishBase ↗ inferred

Safety

Danger to humans
Can cause injury verified

Status & sources

Sources
FishBase via GBIF (DwC-A), CC-BY-NC 4.0

Same genus Sphyrna

More from the family Sphyrnidae

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