Home · Cyprinidae · Black-head minnow
Black-head minnow (Pimephales promelas) — Cyprinidae

Black-head minnow

Pimephales promelas
Family: Cyprinidae
LC · Least Concern

The Black-head minnow (Pimephales promelas) is a freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae that grows up to 10 cm.

Length
10.1 cm
Water
Freshwater
Depth
0.0–2.0 m
Diet
Omnivore
Behaviour
Schooling
Activity
Diurnal
Body shape
Torpedo-shaped
Substrate
Sand / mud bottom
Danger
Harmless
Edibility
Not eaten

Description

The fathead minnow is a small, robust cyprinid of the family Cyprinidae reaching at most about 10 cm. The stout, olive-brown body has a short head and a rounded snout. In the breeding season males develop a dark head with rows of white breeding tubercles and a swollen, spongy nape pad. The species is native to North America but has spread worldwide as a baitfish and aquarium fish, including the golden 'rosy red' cultivated form. It is highly tolerant of poor water quality. It eats algae, detritus and small invertebrates. The male defends a spawning site under an object and tends the eggs intensively until they hatch.

Frequently asked questions

How do you recognise the Black-head minnow?

The Black-head minnow has a torpedo-shaped body, is mainly brown and shows a plain pattern.

Where does the Black-head minnow live?

The Black-head minnow lives in fresh water and is mostly found around sand or mud bottom.

How big does the Black-head minnow get?

The Black-head minnow grows to a maximum of about 10 cm. On average the species is around 7 cm.

Is the Black-head minnow dangerous to humans?

No, the Black-head minnow is harmless to humans.

Is the Black-head minnow edible?

The Black-head minnow is not usually eaten.

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All data

Identification

Dutch name
Dikkopelrits verified
English name
Black-head minnow verified
Scientific name
Pimephales promelas
Family
Cyprinidae
Other names
Fathead minnow verified

Appearance

Size class
Small verified
Max length (cm)
10.1 verified
Average length (cm)
7.2 verified
Body shape
Torpedo-shaped sourced
Dominant colour
Brown sourced
Pattern
Plain sourced
Tail shape
Forked inferred
Mouth position
Terminal inferred
Lips
Thin inferred
Barbels
No verified
Dorsal fins
One continuous sourced
Dorsal spines
No verified

Habitat & distribution

Water type
Freshwater sourced
Substrate
Sand / mud bottom sourced
Min depth (m)
0.0 verified
Max depth (m)
2.0 verified
Origin
Non-native (invasive) verified

Behaviour & biology

Diet
Omnivore verified
Social behaviour
Schooling verified
Territorial
Yes verified
Activity
Diurnal inferred
Reproduction
Separate sexes verified
Sexual dimorphism
Yes verified
levensduur_max_jaar
5.0 verified

For anglers

Edibility
Not eaten verified
Fishing method
Geen doelsoort voor de hengelsport; hooguit incidentele vangst of bruikbaar als aasvisje. inferred
Regulations source
FishBase ↗ inferred

Safety

Danger to humans
Harmless verified

Status & sources

Sources
FishBase via GBIF (DwC-A), CC-BY-NC 4.0

Same genus Pimephales

More from the family Cyprinidae

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