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Butterfish (Pholis gunnellus) — Pholidae

Butterfish

Pholis gunnellus
Family: Pholidae
NE · Not Evaluated

The Butterfish (Pholis gunnellus) is a brackish-water fish of the family Pholidae that grows up to 25 cm.

Length
25 cm
Water
Brackish
Depth
0.0–100.0 m
Diet
Carnivore
Behaviour
Solitary
Body shape
Snake-like
Substrate
Sand / mud bottom
Danger
Harmless
Edibility
Not eaten

Description

The rock gunnel is a slender, eel-like coastal fish of the family Pholidae reaching about 25 cm. The body is smooth and slimy — hence the name butterfish — and carries a row of nine to thirteen dark eyespots along the base of the long, low dorsal fin. The colour is brown with yellow tints. The rock gunnel lives in shallow coastal water, tide pools and under stones and seaweed of the northern Atlantic and North Sea, and can survive out of water for a time thanks to air-breathing. In winter the male and female spawn together and coil around the egg ball to protect it. The species is of no fisheries value.

Frequently asked questions

How do you recognise the Butterfish?

The Butterfish has a snake-like body, is mainly brown and shows a spots pattern.

Where does the Butterfish live?

The Butterfish lives in brackish water and is mostly found around sand or mud bottom.

How big does the Butterfish get?

The Butterfish grows to a maximum of about 25 cm.

Is the Butterfish dangerous to humans?

No, the Butterfish is harmless to humans.

Is the Butterfish edible?

The Butterfish is not usually eaten.

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All data

Identification

Dutch name
Botervis verified
English name
Butterfish verified
Scientific name
Pholis gunnellus
Family
Pholidae
Other names
Butterfish; Butter-fish; Crinkly dick verified

Appearance

Size class
Medium verified
Max length (cm)
25.0 verified
Body shape
Snake-like sourced
Dominant colour
Brown sourced
Pattern
Spots sourced
Tail shape
Rounded sourced
Mouth position
Terminal inferred
Lips
Thin inferred
Barbels
No verified
Dorsal fins
One continuous sourced
Dorsal spines
Yes verified

Habitat & distribution

Water type
Brackish sourced
Substrate
Sand / mud bottom sourced
Min depth (m)
0.0 verified
Max depth (m)
100.0 verified
Origin
Native verified

Behaviour & biology

Diet
Carnivore verified
Social behaviour
Solitary verified
Territorial
No verified
Reproduction
Separate sexes verified
Sexual dimorphism
No verified
levensduur_max_jaar
5.0 verified

For anglers

Edibility
Not eaten verified
Fishing method
Bodemvissen met natuurlijk aas (worm, garnaal of vis) op of vlak boven de bodem. inferred
Regulations source
FishBase ↗ inferred

Safety

Danger to humans
Harmless sourced

Status & sources

Sources
FishBase via GBIF (DwC-A), CC-BY-NC 4.0

Same genus Pholis

More from the family Pholidae

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