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Ocean sunfish (Mola mola) — Molidae

Ocean sunfish

Mola mola
Family: Molidae
VU · Vulnerable

The Ocean sunfish (Mola mola) is a saltwater fish of the family Molidae that grows up to 333 cm.

Length
333 cm
Water
Saltwater
Depth
30.0–1515.0 m
Diet
Carnivore
Behaviour
Solitary
Activity
Diurnal
Body shape
Flat / disc-shaped
Substrate
Open water
Danger
Harmless
Range
Worldwide in tropical, subtropical and temperate oceans, including the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea; oceanic.
Edibility
Not eaten

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Description

The ocean sunfish is a gigantic, disc-shaped oceanic fish of the family Molidae that can grow more than 3 metres tall and is among the heaviest bony fish in the world. The strongly compressed, greyish body ends abruptly behind the tall dorsal and anal fins; instead of a true tail it bears a wavy skin flap (clavus). The sunfish lives oceanically in warm and temperate seas worldwide, including the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. It feeds mainly on jellyfish and other gelatinous plankton, diving deep to do so; at the surface it often lies on its side to warm up. Through bycatch, plastic and boat collisions the species is assessed as Vulnerable (VU).

Frequently asked questions

How do you recognise the Ocean sunfish?

The Ocean sunfish has a flattened, disc-shaped body, is mainly silver-grey and shows a plain pattern. Giant, disc-shaped fish that ends abruptly behind the tall dorsal and anal fin; it lacks a true tail and instead has a wavy skin fold (clavus). One of the heaviest bony fishes.

Where does the Ocean sunfish live?

The Ocean sunfish lives in the sea (marine waters) and is mostly found around open water. Worldwide in tropical, subtropical and temperate oceans, including the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea; oceanic.

How big does the Ocean sunfish get?

The Ocean sunfish grows to a maximum of about 333 cm.

Is the Ocean sunfish dangerous to humans?

No, the Ocean sunfish is harmless to humans. None required: this species is harmless to humans.

Is the Ocean sunfish edible?

The Ocean sunfish is not usually eaten.

More photos

Ocean sunfish (Mola mola) — Molidae — 2
Wikimedia Commons — Yohann Cordelle (CC BY-SA 3.0)
Ocean sunfish (Mola mola) — Molidae — 3
Wikimedia Commons — NOAA/CBNMS. (Public domain)
Ocean sunfish (Mola mola) — Molidae — 4
Wikimedia Commons — Edgard Dias Magalhães (CC BY-SA 3.0)
Ocean sunfish (Mola mola) — Molidae — 5
Wikimedia Commons — Nol Aders (CC BY 2.5)

Easily confused with

These species look like the Ocean sunfish and live in the same waters.

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All data

Identification

English name
Ocean sunfish verified
Scientific name
Mola mola
Family
Molidae
Other names
Headfish; Mola ocean sunfish; Moonfish; Ocean sunfish; Ocean Sunfish; Sunfish; Sun-fish; Giant sunfish verified

Appearance

Size class
Extra large verified
Max length (cm)
333.0 verified
Body shape
Flat / disc-shaped sourced
Dominant colour
Silver / grey sourced
Pattern
Plain sourced
Tail shape
Straight inferred
Mouth position
Terminal inferred
Lips
Thick / fleshy inferred
Barbels
No verified
Dorsal fins
One continuous sourced
Dorsal spines
No verified

Habitat & distribution

Water type
Saltwater verified
Substrate
Open water sourced
Min depth (m)
30.0 verified
Max depth (m)
1515.0 verified
Natural range
Worldwide in tropical, subtropical and temperate oceans, including the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea; oceanic. verified
Origin
Native verified

Behaviour & biology

Diet
Carnivore verified
Diet (detail)
Mainly jellyfish and other gelatinous plankton; also squid and small fishes sourced
Social behaviour
Solitary verified
Territorial
No verified
Activity
Diurnal inferred
Reproduction
Separate sexes verified
Sexual dimorphism
No verified
Seasonality
Often drifts on its side at the surface to warm up; dives deep to hunt jellyfish and can produce hundreds of millions of eggs. sourced
Special features
Giant, disc-shaped fish that ends abruptly behind the tall dorsal and anal fin; it lacks a true tail and instead has a wavy skin fold (clavus). One of the heaviest bony fishes. sourced

For anglers

Edibility
Not eaten verified
Fishing method
Angling with lures or (dead/live) baitfish by trolling, casting or drift fishing in open water. inferred
Regulations source
FishBase ↗ inferred

Safety

Danger to humans
Harmless verified
First aid
None required: this species is harmless to humans. sourced

Status & sources

Sources
FishBase via GBIF (DwC-A), CC-BY-NC 4.0

More from the family Molidae

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