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Northern pike (Esox lucius) — Esocidae

Northern pike

Esox lucius
Family: Esocidae
LC · Least Concern

The Northern pike (Esox lucius) is a brackish-water fish of the family Esocidae that grows up to 137 cm.

Length
137 cm
Water
Brackish
Depth
0.0–30.0 m
Diet
Carnivore
Behaviour
Solitary
Activity
Diurnal
Body shape
Elongated (eel-like)
Substrate
Open water
Danger
Harmless
Edibility
Commonly eaten

Description

The northern pike is a large predatory fish of the family Esocidae reaching about 137 cm. The elongate, greenish mottled body has a long, flattened duck-bill snout with a wide mouth full of sharp teeth, and the dorsal and anal fins are set far back just in front of the tail. This build makes the pike a fast ambush hunter: from among the water plants it darts forward to seize fish, amphibians and sometimes waterbirds. The species occurs in fresh and slightly brackish water across the northern hemisphere and prefers clear, vegetation-rich water. It spawns early in spring in shallow margins. The pike is a popular sport fish and an important freshwater top predator.

Frequently asked questions

How do you recognise the Northern pike?

The Northern pike has an elongate, eel-like body, is mainly green and shows a spots pattern.

Where does the Northern pike live?

The Northern pike lives in brackish water and is mostly found around open water.

How big does the Northern pike get?

The Northern pike grows to a maximum of about 137 cm. On average the species is around 40 cm.

Is the Northern pike dangerous to humans?

No, the Northern pike is harmless to humans.

Is the Northern pike edible?

Yes, the Northern pike is commonly eaten.

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All data

Identification

Dutch name
Snoek sourced
English name
Northern pike verified
Scientific name
Esox lucius
Family
Esocidae
Other names
Common pike; Great Lakes pike; Great northern pickerel; Great northern pike verified

Appearance

Size class
Extra large verified
Max length (cm)
137.0 verified
Average length (cm)
40.0 verified
Body shape
Elongated (eel-like) sourced
Dominant colour
Green sourced
Pattern
Spots sourced
Tail shape
Forked inferred
Mouth position
Terminal inferred
Lips
Thin inferred
Barbels
No verified
Dorsal fins
One continuous sourced
Dorsal spines
No verified

Habitat & distribution

Water type
Brackish sourced
Substrate
Open water sourced
Min depth (m)
0.0 verified
Max depth (m)
30.0 verified
Origin
Native verified

Behaviour & biology

Diet
Carnivore verified
Social behaviour
Solitary verified
Territorial
No verified
Activity
Diurnal inferred
Reproduction
Separate sexes verified
Sexual dimorphism
No verified
levensduur_max_jaar
30.0 verified

For anglers

Edibility
Commonly eaten verified
Fishing method
Sportvissen met kunstaas of (dood/levend) aasvis door te trollen, te werpen of drijvend te vissen in open water. inferred
Regulations source
FishBase ↗ inferred

Safety

Danger to humans
Harmless verified

Status & sources

Sources
FishBase via GBIF (DwC-A), CC-BY-NC 4.0

Same genus Esox

More from the family Esocidae

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