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English sole (Parophrys vetulus) — Pleuronectidae

English sole

Parophrys vetulus
LC · Least Concern

The English sole (Parophrys vetulus) is a saltwater fish of the family Pleuronectidae that grows up to 49 cm.

Length
49 cm
Water
Saltwater
Depth
0.0–550.0 m
Diet
Carnivore
Behaviour
Solitary
Body shape
Flat / disc-shaped
Substrate
Sand / mud bottom
Danger
Harmless
Range
Sandy and muddy bottoms of the northeast Pacific.
Edibility
Commonly eaten

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Description

The English sole (Parophrys vetulus) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae from the northeastern Pacific. Like other right-eyed flounders both eyes lie on the right side of the oval, flattened body; the upper side is smooth and brown for camouflage and the head tapers to a point. The species reaches about 49 cm and inhabits sand and mud bottoms; juveniles live in the intertidal zone. As a bottom dweller it feeds on small crustaceans, marine worms, brittle stars and small mollusks. The English sole is a valued sport and food fish that is fished commercially.

Frequently asked questions

How do you recognise the English sole?

The English sole has a flattened, disc-shaped body, is mainly brown and shows a plain pattern. Right-eyed flatfish with a pointed head; valued game and food fish.

Where does the English sole live?

The English sole lives in the sea (marine waters) and is mostly found around sand or mud bottom. Sandy and muddy bottoms of the northeast Pacific.

How big does the English sole get?

The English sole grows to a maximum of about 49 cm. On average the species is around 33 cm.

Is the English sole dangerous to humans?

No, the English sole is harmless to humans. This species is harmless to humans. No specific first aid is needed. Still handle the fish with care: mind the fin rays and the sharp edges of the gill cover, and rinse any scratch with clean water and cover it. For a dirty or deep wound check tetanus status.

Is the English sole edible?

Yes, the English sole is commonly eaten.

More photos

English sole (Parophrys vetulus) — Pleuronectidae — 2
iNaturalist ((c) André Giraldi, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC))
English sole (Parophrys vetulus) — Pleuronectidae — 3
iNaturalist ((c) thirty_legs, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC))
English sole (Parophrys vetulus) — Pleuronectidae — 4
iNaturalist ((c) Vince Golder, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC))
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All data

Identification

English name
English sole verified
Scientific name
Parophrys vetulus
Family
Pleuronectidae
Other names
English sole; Lemon sole verified

Appearance

Size class
Large verified
Max length (cm)
49.0 verified
Average length (cm)
33.0 verified
Body shape
Flat / disc-shaped sourced
Dominant colour
Brown inferred
Pattern
Plain inferred
Tail shape
Rounded inferred
Mouth position
Terminal inferred
Lips
Thin inferred
Barbels
No sourced
Dorsal fins
One continuous inferred
Dorsal spines
No sourced

Habitat & distribution

Water type
Saltwater sourced
Substrate
Sand / mud bottom sourced
Min depth (m)
0.0 verified
Max depth (m)
550.0 verified
Natural range
Sandy and muddy bottoms of the northeast Pacific. inferred
Origin
Native sourced

Behaviour & biology

Diet
Carnivore sourced
Diet (detail)
Small crustaceans, marine worms, brittle stars and molluscs sourced
Social behaviour
Solitary inferred
Territorial
No inferred
Reproduction
Separate sexes sourced
Sexual dimorphism
No inferred
levensduur_max_jaar
22.0 verified
Seasonality
Present year-round in its habitat; no pronounced seasonality known. inferred
Special features
Right-eyed flatfish with a pointed head; valued game and food fish. sourced

For anglers

Edibility
Commonly eaten sourced
Fishing method
Bottom fishing with natural bait such as lugworm or pieces of shrimp over sand and mud bottoms. sourced
Regulations source
FishBase ↗ inferred

Safety

Danger to humans
Harmless sourced
First aid
This species is harmless to humans. No specific first aid is needed. Still handle the fish with care: mind the fin rays and the sharp edges of the gill cover, and rinse any scratch with clean water and cover it. For a dirty or deep wound check tetanus status. verified

Status & sources

Sources
FishBase via GBIF (DwC-A), CC-BY-NC 4.0

More from the family Pleuronectidae

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