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Blueback (Oncorhynchus nerka) — Salmonidae

Blueback

Oncorhynchus nerka
Family: Salmonidae
LC · Least Concern
NativeIntroduced

The Blueback (Oncorhynchus nerka) is a fish that lives in both fresh and salt water of the family Salmonidae that grows up to 84 cm.

Length
84 cm
Water
Euryhaline
Depth
0.0–250.0 m
Diet
Carnivore
Behaviour
Schooling
Body shape
Torpedo-shaped
Substrate
Open water
Danger
Harmless
Range
North Pacific, rivers and lakes of North America and Asia.
Edibility
Highly prized

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Description

The sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) is a Pacific salmon of the family Salmonidae from the North Pacific and adjacent lakes. At sea the species has a streamlined, silvery-blue body, but during the spawning run the fish develop a spectacular bright-red body with a green head. It can reach about 84 cm. The species occurs in two forms: the anadromous sockeye, which grows up at sea and ascends rivers to spawn, and the landlocked kokanee. Adults feed mainly on zooplankton, supplemented with small fishes. The sockeye is one of the most sought-after and commercially important salmon species.

Frequently asked questions

How do you recognise the Blueback?

The Blueback has a torpedo-shaped body, is mainly silver-grey and shows a plain pattern. Develops a bright red body with a green head at spawning; anadromous sockeye and landlocked kokanee form.

Where does the Blueback live?

The Blueback lives in both fresh and salt water and is mostly found around open water. North Pacific, rivers and lakes of North America and Asia.

How big does the Blueback get?

The Blueback grows to a maximum of about 84 cm. On average the species is around 45 cm.

Is the Blueback dangerous to humans?

No, the Blueback is harmless to humans. This species is harmless to humans. No specific first aid is needed. Still handle the fish with care: mind the fin rays and the sharp edges of the gill cover, and rinse any scratch with clean water and cover it. For a dirty or deep wound check tetanus status.

Is the Blueback edible?

Yes, the Blueback is a highly prized food fish.

More photos

Blueback (Oncorhynchus nerka) — Salmonidae — 2
iNaturalist ((c) Orrin Spiess, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC))
Blueback (Oncorhynchus nerka) — Salmonidae — 3
iNaturalist ((c) ayumu_k, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC))
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All data

Identification

English name
Blueback verified
Scientific name
Oncorhynchus nerka
Family
Salmonidae
Other names
Blue-back; Blueback salmon; Fraser river salmon; Sockeye salmon; Red salmon; Kokanee; Kennerly's salmon; Kickininee; Land-locked sockeye; Little redfish; Pygmy salmon; Pygmy sockeye salmon verified

Appearance

Size class
Extra large verified
Max length (cm)
84.0 verified
Average length (cm)
45.0 verified
Body shape
Torpedo-shaped sourced
Dominant colour
Silver / grey inferred
Pattern
Plain inferred
Tail shape
Forked inferred
Mouth position
Terminal inferred
Lips
Thin inferred
Barbels
No sourced
Dorsal fins
One continuous inferred
Dorsal spines
No sourced

Habitat & distribution

Water type
Euryhaline sourced
Substrate
Open water sourced
Min depth (m)
0.0 verified
Max depth (m)
250.0 verified
Natural range
North Pacific, rivers and lakes of North America and Asia. inferred
Origin
Native sourced

Behaviour & biology

Diet
Carnivore sourced
Diet (detail)
Zooplankton and small fishes sourced
Social behaviour
Schooling inferred
Territorial
No inferred
Reproduction
Separate sexes sourced
Sexual dimorphism
No inferred
levensduur_max_jaar
8.0 verified
Seasonality
Migrates from the sea up the rivers and lakes to spawn; it then develops a bright red nuptial colouration. inferred
Special features
Develops a bright red body with a green head at spawning; anadromous sockeye and landlocked kokanee form. sourced

For anglers

Edibility
Highly prized sourced
Fishing method
Fished with artificial flies, spinners and small lures in rivers and coastal waters during the spawning run. sourced
Regulations source
FishBase ↗ inferred

Safety

Danger to humans
Harmless sourced
First aid
This species is harmless to humans. No specific first aid is needed. Still handle the fish with care: mind the fin rays and the sharp edges of the gill cover, and rinse any scratch with clean water and cover it. For a dirty or deep wound check tetanus status. verified

Status & sources

Sources
FishBase via GBIF (DwC-A), CC-BY-NC 4.0

Same genus Oncorhynchus

More from the family Salmonidae

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