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African arowana (Heterotis niloticus) — Arapaimidae

African arowana

Heterotis niloticus
Family: Arapaimidae
LC · Least Concern

The African arowana (Heterotis niloticus) is a freshwater fish of the family Arapaimidae that grows up to 100 cm.

Length
100 cm
Water
Freshwater
Depth
1.0–? m
Diet
Omnivore
Behaviour
Solitary
Body shape
Torpedo-shaped
Substrate
Open water
Danger
Harmless
Edibility
Commonly eaten

Description

The African bonytongue (Heterotis niloticus) is a large, ancient freshwater fish of the family Arapaimidae from the Sahel region and West Africa. The species has an elongate, silvery-grey body with large scales and a 'bony tongue', characteristic of the bonytongues, and can reach about one metre. It has an organ that functions as a lung and must breathe air, allowing it to survive oxygen-poor water. Unlike its predatory relatives this is a filter feeder that sifts plankton and detritus from the water with fine gill rakers. It builds a large, circular nest of plant material and guards the young. Owing to its fast growth and hardiness it is an important farmed and food fish.

Frequently asked questions

How do you recognise the African arowana?

The African arowana has a torpedo-shaped body, is mainly silver-grey and shows a plain pattern.

Where does the African arowana live?

The African arowana lives in fresh water and is mostly found around open water.

How big does the African arowana get?

The African arowana grows to a maximum of about 100 cm.

Is the African arowana dangerous to humans?

No, the African arowana is harmless to humans.

Is the African arowana edible?

Yes, the African arowana is commonly eaten.

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All data

Identification

Dutch name
Afrikaanse arowana sourced
English name
African arowana verified
Scientific name
Heterotis niloticus
Family
Arapaimidae
Other names
African bonytongue; Bony tongue verified

Appearance

Size class
Extra large verified
Max length (cm)
100.0 verified
Body shape
Torpedo-shaped sourced
Dominant colour
Silver / grey inferred
Pattern
Plain inferred
Tail shape
Rounded inferred
Mouth position
Terminal inferred
Lips
Thin inferred
Barbels
No sourced
Dorsal fins
One continuous inferred
Dorsal spines
No sourced

Habitat & distribution

Water type
Freshwater sourced
Substrate
Open water sourced
Min depth (m)
1.0 verified
Origin
Native sourced

Behaviour & biology

Diet
Omnivore sourced
Social behaviour
Solitary inferred
Territorial
No inferred
Reproduction
Separate sexes sourced
Sexual dimorphism
No inferred

For anglers

Edibility
Commonly eaten sourced
Fishing method
Sportvissen met kunstaas of (dood/levend) aasvis door te trollen, te werpen of drijvend te vissen in open water. inferred
Regulations source
FishBase ↗ inferred

Safety

Danger to humans
Harmless sourced

Status & sources

Sources
FishBase via GBIF (DwC-A), CC-BY-NC 4.0

More from the family Arapaimidae

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